ObjectiveTo develop and validate rates of potentially preventable emergency department (ED) visits as indicators of community health.Data SourcesAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2008–2010 State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases.Study DesignEmpirical analyses and structured panel reviews.MethodsPanels of 14–17 clinicians and end users evaluated a set of ED Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs) using a Modified Delphi process. Empirical analyses included assessing variation in ED PQI rates across counties and sensitivity of those rates to county-level poverty, uninsurance, and density of primary care physicians (PCPs).Principal FindingsED PQI rates varied widely across U.S. communities. Indicator rates were significantly associated with county-level poverty, median income, Medicaid insurance, and levels of uninsurance. A few indicators were significantly associated with PCP density, with higher rates in areas with greater density. A clinical and an end-user panel separately rated the indicators as having strong face validity for most uses evaluated.ConclusionsThe ED PQIs have undergone initial validation as indicators of community health with potential for use in public reporting, population health improvement, and research.